Appendix 3 - References

Adam, M. and Voets, H. (2006):
Rearing piglets on nipple drinkers using a propotionner and medicated water system: A study of drinking behaviour of piglets.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Aken, N. van; Kongsted, K. K.; Lawrence, K. (2002):
Epidemiology of Lawsonia intracellularis in farrow-to-finish herds in several Western-European countries, through seroprofiling, using an IFAT.
IPVS, 17 th , Ames (Proceedings of the 17 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Ames, 2002), paper 233.

Alborali, L.; Buglisi, M.; Zanoni, M.; Salogni, C.; Guadagnini, G. and Tranquillo, V. (2006):
study on seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in Italian swine herds.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Alderton, M. R.; Borland, R. and Coloe, P. J. (1992):
Experimental reproduction of porcine proliferative enteritis.
]ournal of Comparative Pathology, 106, 159 – 167.

Armbruster, G.; Pelger, G.; Keffaber, K.; Armstrong, T.; Weatherford, J.; Saltzman, R.; Winkelman, N.; Kesl, L. (2004):
Evaluation of Enterisol® LI Ileitis and Tylan® Premix efficacy against Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy in a challenge model.
IPVS, 18 th , Hamburg (Proceedings of the 18 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Hamburg, 2004) 2, 579.

Bakker, J.; Van der Heijden, H. M. J. F.; De Smet, M.; Vos, J. (2000):
Comparison of laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) in fattenting pigs.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 25 (Alimentary).

Bane, D., Norby, B., Gardner, I., Roof, M., Knittel,J., Bush, E. and Gebhart, C. J. (1998):
The epidemiology of porcine proliferative enteropathy.
Proceedings of the International Pig Veterinary Societv,
15 th Congress, 3, 107.

Barna, P.; Bilkei, G. (2003):
Effect of gilt seropositivity to Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) on their offspring’s seropositivity to LI and on diarrhoea after a pure-culture challenge.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine 61.

Beckler, D.; Kapur, V.; Gebhart, C.J. (2004):
Molecular epidemiology of Lawsonia intracellularis.
Allan D. Leman Swine Conference 2004, 52 – 55.

Beers, P. T. (1984):
Studies on porcine adenomatosis with particular reference to proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy.
PhD thesis, Sydney University.

Biester, H. E. and Schwarte, L. H. (1931):
Intestinal adenoma in swine.
American Journal of Pathology, 7, 175 – 185.

Biester, H. E.; Schwarte, L. H. and Eveleth, D. F. (1939):
Studies on a rapidly developing intestinal adenoma in a pig.
American Journal of Pathology, 15, 385 – 389.

Boesen, H. T.; Jensen, T. K.; Jungersen, G.; River, U.; Boye, M.; Moeller, K. (2005):
Development, characterization and diagnostic application of a monoclonal antibody specific for a proteinase K resistant Lawsonia intracellularis antigen.
Veterinary Microbiology 105, 199 – 206.

Boesen, H. T.; Jensen, T. K.; Moller, K.; Nielsen, L.H. and
Jungersen, G. (2005):
Evaluation of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy.Veterinary Microbiology 109, no. 1 – 2, 105 – 112.

Boesen, H. T.; Jensen, T. K.; Schmidt, A. S.; Jensen, B. B.;
Jensen, S. M. and Moller, K. (2004): The influence of diet on Lawsonia intracellularis colonization in pigs upon experimental challenge.
Veterinary Microbiology 103, no. 1 – 2, 35 – 45.

Bonitz, A. (2001):
Untersuchungen zur Diagnostik und Prävalenz von Infektionen durch Lawsonia intracellularis bei Schweinen unterschiedlicher Altersgruppen.
Dissertation / Thesis 76 pages.

Boosinger, T. R., Thacker, H. L. and Armstrong, C. H. (1985):
Camphylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis and Camphylobacter hyointestinalis infections in the intestine of gnotobiotic pigs.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 46, 2152 – 2156.

Boothe, A. D. and Cheville, N. F. (1967):
The pathology of proliferative Ileitis of the golden hamster.
Veterinary Pathoogy, 4, 31 – 44.

Boye, M.; Jensen, T. K.; Moeller, K.; Leser, T. D.; Jorsal, S. E. (1998):
Specific detection of Lawsonia intracellularis in porcine proliferative enteropathy inferred from Fluorescent rRNA in situ hybridization.
Veterinary Pathology (Vet Path) 35, 153 – 156.

Bronsvoort, M.; Norby, B.; Bane, D. P. and Gardner, I. A. (2001):
Management factors associated with seropositivity to Lawsonia intracellularis in US swine herds.
Swine Health and Production 9 (6), 285 – 290.

Bulay, A. C.; Maala, C. U.; Lising, R. T. and Voets, H. (2006):
Ileitis Serological Prevalence Study in Thirty Philippine Swine Farms II. Pig Age Seroprevalence.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Bulay, A. C.; Maala, C. U.; Lising, R. T. and Voets, H. (2006):
Field Efficacy of Enterisol® Ileitis Vaccine in a Philippine Commercial Farm.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Bundgaard, H. (2000):
Attempt to eliminate Lawsonia intracellularis in a new established high health sow herd.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 66 (Alimentary).

Burch, D.G.S. (2000):
Controlling Ileitis in the colitis complex.
Pig Journal (Pig J) 45, 131–149.

Burch, D. G. S.; Ripley, P. H. (2004):
Valemulin – for the prevention and treatment of colitis and Ileitis.
The Pig Journal 53, 221–237.

Busch, M. E.; Jorsal, S. E.; Sloth, N. M.; Moeller, K.;
Pedersen, A. O.; Dahl, J. (2000):
The effect of Tylosin in low doses on the prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis and the productivitiy in growing-finishing pigs.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 32 (Alimentary).

Busse, F. W. (2004):
Acute Ileitis (PIA) in replacement gilts – a German case report.
IPVS, 18 th , Hamburg (Proceedings of the 18 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Hamburg, 2004) 1, 282.

Carpenter, J. A.; Burlatschenko, S. (2005):
Diarrhea in nursery pigs associated with multiple concurrent pathogens.
J Swine Health Prod. 13 (4), 218–221.

Chang, K., Kurtz, H. J.; Ward, G. E. and Gebhart, C. J. (1984):
Immunofluorescent demonstration of Camphylobacter hyointestinalis and Camphylobacter sputorum subsp. mucosalis in swine intestines with lesions of proliferative enteritis.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 45, 703–110.

Chouet, S.; Prieto, C.; Mieli, L.; Veenhuizen, M. F.; McOrist, S. (2003):
Patterns of exposure to Lawsonia intracellularis infection on European pig farms.
Veterinary Record (Vet Rec) 152, 14–17.

Class, M.; Bilkei, G. (2004):
Seroprevalence of antibodies against Lawsonia intracellularis among growing pigs raised in indoor versus outdoor units.
JAVMA 225 (12), 1905–1907.

Collins, A. M. (1999):
Effect of age on clinical disease associated with Lawsonia intracellularis Infection.
Manipulating Pig Production VIII, Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial Conference of the Australasian Pig Science Association (Inc.), Adelaide, 227.

Collins, A. M.; Dijk, M.; Vu, N. Q.; Pozo, J. and Love, R. J. (2001): Immunity to Lawsonia Intracellularis.
Proceedings of the 2001 Allen D. Leman Conference, 115 – 120.

Collins, A. M.; Love, R. J.; Jasni, S. and McOrist, S. (1999):
Attempted infection of mice, rats and chickens by porcine strains of Lawsonia intracellularis.
Australian Veterinary Journal, 77, 120–122.

Collins, A. M.; Swift, I. and Monkton, R. P. (1996):
Replication of Australian porcine isolates of ileal Symbiont intracellularis in tissue culture.
Veterinary Microbiology, 49, 249–255.

Collins, J. E.; Libal, M. C. and Brost, D. (1983):
Proliferative enteritis in two pups.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 183, 886–889.

Collins, A. M.; Love, R. J.; Pozo; J.; Smith; S. H. and McOrist, S. (2000):
Studies on the ex vivo survival of Lawsonia intracellularis.
Swine Health and Production. 8, 211–215.

Collins, A.M. and Colleagues (2000):
Enteric diseases – Lawsonia proliferative enteropathy (Ileitis) and E.coli-strategic medication and development of immunity to Lawsonia intracellularis.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 22–25.

Collins, A. M. (2000):
A study of the Lawsonia intracellularis-induced porcine proliferative enteropathies (part I–IV).
Dissertation / Thesis, 1 – 232 (i – xiii).

Collins, A. M.; McOrist, S.; Van Dijk, M.; Love, R. J. (1999):
The development of immunity to Lawsonia intracellularis in weaned pigs.
Proceedings of the 7 th Biannual Conf. of the Australian Pig Science Association.

Collins, A. M.; Van Dijk, M.; McOrist, S.; Love, R. J. (2000):
Strategic medication and development of immunity to Lawsonia intracellularis.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 30 (Alimentary).

Collins, A. M.; Van Dijk, M.; Vu, N. Q.; Pozo, J. and Love, R. J. (2001):
Immunity to Lawsonia intracellularis.
In: Proceedings of the 28 th Allen D. Leman Conference,
pages 115 – 120.

Connor, J.; Winkelman, N.; Gebhart, C.; Deen, J.; Wolff, T. (2004):
Inclusion of BMD or BMD plus 3-Nitro in swien diets during Ileitis vaccination.
AASV 2004 (American Association of Swine Veterinarians), 131–134.

Cooper, D. M. (1996):
Proliferative enteritis in the hamster, horse, deer and ostrich: detection and characterization of Lawsonia intracellularis.
MS thesis, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities Campus.

Cooper, D. M. and Gebhart, C. J. (1998):
Comparative aspects of proliferative enteritis.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 212, 1446–1451.

Cooper, D. M.; Swanson, D. L. and Gebhart, C. J. (1977):
Diagnosis of proliferative enteritis in frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from a hamster, horse, deer and ostrich using a Lawsonia intracellularis-specific multiplex PCR assay.
Veterinary Microbiology, 54, 47–62.

Cooper, D. M., and Gebhart, C. J. (1998):
Comparative aspects of proliferative enteritis.
J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 212, 1446–1451.

Cooper, D.M.; Swanson, D.L.; Barns, S.M.; Gebhart, C.J. (1997):
Comparison of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences from the intracellular agents of proliferative enteritis in a hamster, deer and ostrich with the sequence of a porcine isolate of Lawsonia intracellularis.
Internat. J. of Systematic Bacteriology (Int. J. of Syst. Bact.) 47, 635–639.

Corral, A.; Valiente, N. (2002):
Seroepidemiologic evaluation of Lawsonia intracellularis in swine farms in Spain.
IPVS, 17 th , Ames (Proceedings of the 17 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Ames, 2002) paper 408.

Corzo, C. A.; Friendship, R. M.; Dewey, C. E. and
Blackwell, T. (2005):
Seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in Ontario swine herds.Journal of Swine Health and Production, vol. 13, no. 6, 314 – 317.

Crohn, B. B.; Turner, D. A. (1952):
Porcine Ileitis.
Gastroenterology 20, 350–351.

Dale, C.J.H.; Moses, E.K.; Ong, C.C.; Morrow, C.J.; Reed, M.B.; Hasse, D.; Strugnell, R.A. (1998):
Identification and sequencing of the groE operon and flanking genes of Lawsonia intracellularis: use in phylogeny.
Microbiology 144, 2073–2084.

Deplancke, B.; Gaskins, H.R. (2001):
Microbial modulation of innate defense: goblet cells and the intestinal mucus layer.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73, 1131–1141.

Diaz, E. and Chevez, J.-C. (2006):
Evaluation of a protocol to control Lawsonia intracellularis using live vaccine in a farm in Mexico.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Dittmar, M.; Hoelzle, L.E.; Hoelzle, K.; Sydler, T.; Corboz, L.; Miserez, R.; Wittenbrink, M.M. (2003):
Diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy: Detection of Lawsonia intracellularis by pathological examinations, polymerase chain reaction and cell culture inoculation.
J. of Veterinary Medicine 50, 332–338.

Dritz, S.S.; Tokach, M.D.; Goodband, R.D.; Nelssen, J.L.
(2002):
Effects of administration of antimicrobials in feed on growth rate and feed efficiency of pigs in multisite production systems.
JAVMA 220, 1690–1695.

Duenser, M.; Untersperger, M.; Schweighardt, H.; Schuh, M. (2000):
Comparative studies by PCR and indirect immunofluorscent antibody test on the occurrence of Lawsonia intracellularis in upper Austrian swine herds.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 59 (Alimentary).

Duinhof, T.F.; de Jong, M.F.; Bakker, l.; van der Heijden, H.M.l.F., and de Ridder, E. (1998):
Diagnosis of proliferative enteropathy with polymerase chain reaction in faeces on Dutch pig farms.
Results of a pilot study. Proceedings of the International Pig Veterinary Society, 15 th Congress, 3, 117.

EC Regulation 1831, (2003):
Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition.
Official Journal of the European Union, L268/29–L268/43.

Fellstroem, C.; Jacobson, M.; Zimmerman, U.; Gunnarsson, A. (2002):
Screening for brachyspira SPP and Lawsonia intracellularis in European wild pigs.
IPVS, 17 th , Ames (Proceedings of the 17 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Ames, 2002) paper 367.

Floe, H.; Bergsjoe, B.; Grove, S. (2000):
The prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in Norwegian swine herds.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 67.

Floe, H.; Bock, R.; Oppegaard, O.J.; Bergsjoe, B.; Lium, B. (2000):
An attempt to eradicate Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira sp. from swine herds.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 66 (Alimentary).

Fourchon, P.; Chouet, S. (2000):
Technical results of swine herds and serological results on pigs for Lawsonia intracellularis.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 62 (Alimentary).

Frisk C.S.; Wagner J.E.; (1977):
Experimental hamster enteritis: an electron microscopic study.
Am J Vet Res. 38(11): 1861–1868.

Gatzka, M.; Schulz, K.; Ingwersen, J. (2002):
Zahlen aus der Deutschen Schweineproduktion.
Zentralverband der Deutschen Schweineproduktion e.V.

Gebhart, C. J.; Barns, S. M.; McOrist, S.; Lin, G. F. and
Lawson, G. H. K. (1993):
Ileal symbiont intracellularis, an obligate bacterium of porcine intestine showing a relationship to Desulfuvibrio species.
Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43: 533–538.

Gebhart, C.; Guedes, R. (2001):
Proliferative enteropathy: diagnostics and immunity.
AASV 2001.

Gebhart, C. J. (2000):
Ileitis (proliferative enteropathy) research update.
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 72–75.

Gebhart, C.J. and Guedes, R.M.C. (2004):
Lawsonia intracellularis, pages 363–372.
In: Gyles, C.L.; Prescott, J.F.; Songer, J.G.; Thoen, C.O. (ed.):
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, 3 rd ed. Blackwell Publishing Professional, Ames, Iowa.

Gebhart, C.J.; McOrist, S. (1999):
Porcine Proliferative Enteropathies. Diseases of Swine.
8 th Edition / Editors: Leman, A.D.; Straw, B.E., 38, 521–534.

Gebhart, C.J.; McOrist, S.; Lawson, G.H.K.; Collins, J.E.;
Ward, G.E. (1994):
Specific in situ Hybridization of the Intracelular Organism of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy.
Veterinary Pathology (Vet Path) 31, 462–467.

Gogolewski, R. P.; Cook, R. W. and Batterham, E. S. (1991): Suboptimal growth associated with porcine intestinal adenomatosis in pigs in nutritional studies.
Aust. Vet. J., vol. 68, no. 12, 406 – 408.

Goldsby, R. A.; Kindt, T. J.; Osborne, B.A. (2000):
Kuby immunology.
Janis Kuby, Publisher, New York, WH Freeman, ©2000.

Guedes, R. M. C. (2004):
Update on epidemiology and diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy.
Journal of Swine Health and Production, 12, 134–138.

Guedes, R.M.C.; Gebhart, C.J. (2003):
Comparison of intestinal mucosa homogenate and pure culture of the homologous Lawsonia intracellularis isolate in reproducing proliferative enteropathy in swine.
Veterinary Microbiology 93, 159–166.

Guedes, R.M.C.; Gebhart, C.J. (2003):
Onset and duration of fecal shedding, cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in pigs after challenge with a pathogenic isolate or attenuated vaccine strain of Lawsonia intracellularis.
Veterinary Microbiology 91, 135–145.

Guedes, R. M. C. and Gebhart, C. J. (2002):
Comparison of challenge models for porcine proliferative Enteropathy.
The 17 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress,
Ames, IA, USA, 49.

Guedes, R. M. C. and Gebhart, C. (2002):
Proliferative enteropathy (Ileitis): learning how to use and interpret diagnostic tests.
International Pigletter 22, 19–22.

Guedes, R.M.C.; Winkelman, N.L.; Gebhart, C.J. (2003):
Relationship between the severity of porcine proliferative enteropathy and the infectious dose of Lawsonia intracellularis.
Veterinary Record (Vet Rec) 153, 432–433.

Guedes, R.M.C.; Gebhart, C.J.; Winkelman, N.L.;
Mackie-Nuss, R.A. (2000):
Comparative study of an indirect immunofluorscent test and the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for diagnosing porcine proliferative enteropathy.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 61 (Alimentary).

Guedes, R.M.C.; Gebhart, C.J.; Winkelman, N.L.;
Mackie-Nuss, R.A.; Marsteller, T.A. (2000):
Comparison of different methods for diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 26 (Alimentary).

Guedes. R.M.C.; Gebhart, C.J.; Armbruster, G.A.; Roggow, B.D. (2002):
Serologic follow-up of a repopulated swine herd after an outbreak of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy.
The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 66, 258–263.

Haesebrouck, F.; Pasmans, F.; Chiers, K.; Maes, D.; Ducatelle, R.; Decostere, A.(2004):
Efficacy of vaccines against bacterial diseases in swine: what can we expect?
Veterinary Microbiology 100, 255 – 268.

Hagen, B.; Bilkei, G. (2002):
Seroprevalence of Lawsonia Intracellularis in larga pig production units.
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 51, 165–170.

Hammer, J.M. (2004):
The temporal relationship of fecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis and seroconversion in field cases.
Swine Health and Production 12 (1), 29–33.

Hannigan, J. (1997):
Identification and preliminary characterisation of Lawsonia intracellularis cytolytic activity.
M.Sc. Thesis. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.

Hardge, T.; Nickoll, E.; Grunert, H.; Elbers, K.; Langbein, U.; Keller, C.; Bleier, T.; Pohlenz, J.; Ohlinger, V.F.; Schroeder, B. (2004):
Prevention of procine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) by vaccination – efficacy and economics in European farms.
Pig Journal (Pig J) 54, 17–34.

Hardge, T.; Keller, C.; Steinheuer, R.; Tessier, Ph.; Salleras, J.-M.; Rubio, P.; Vestergaard, K.; Cluydts, G.; Ceccarelli, V.;
Bugliesi, M.; Schippers, R.; Johnson, K.; Papatsas, I.; Eichin, E.; Rigat, J. and Trela, T. (2006):
Serological prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis across European pig herds.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Harm Nielsen, L. (2004):
Attempt to eradicate Lawsonia intracellularis by medication in
3 sow herds.
IPVS, 18 th , Hamburg (Proceedings of the 18 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Hamburg, 2004) 1, 281.

Hassing, A.-G. and Jensen, K. T. (2006):
Diagnostic evaluation of herds with diarrhoea among weaners.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Haugegaard, J.; Szancer, J.; Hansen, K.K.; Ripley, P.; Fisch, R. (2000):
Evaluation of the efficacy of Econor® (Valnemulin) in the treatment of a naturally-occurring outbreak of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) (Ileitis) in Denmark.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 76 (Alimentary).

Hayes, D.J.; Jensen, H.H. (2003):
Lessons can be learned from Danish antibiotic ban.
Feedstuffs – Special Report 75 (37), 16–18.

Heijden, H.M.J.F. van der; Bakker, J.; Elbers, A.R.W.; Vos, J.H.; Weyns, A.; de Smet, M.; McOrist, S. (2004):
Prevalence of exposure and infection of Lawsonia intracellularis among slaughter-age pigs.
Research in Veterinary Science 77, 197–20.

Henke, N.; Gaumann, H. and Gottschalk H. (2006):
Experiences with Enterisol® Ileitis under field circumstances in Germany.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Herbst, W.; Hertrampf, B.; Schmitt, T.; Weiss, R.; Baljer, G. (2003):
Diagnostik von Lawsonia intracellularis mittels Polymeraseketten-reaktion (PCR) bei Schweinen mit und ohne Diarrhoe und anderen Tierarten.
Dtsch. tierärztl. Wschr. 110, 361–364.

Hirose, F.; Seyboth, L.; Kolb, J.; Bueno, R.; Paixão, R. and
Moreno, A. M. (2006):
Infection dynamics of Lawsonia intracellularis in Brazilian swine herds.
Proceedings of the 19 th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Hofstetter, S. (2004):
Neue Therapiemöglichkeiten für Ileitis und Colitis.
Erste Herbsttagung der österreichischen Schweinepraktiker,
4–6, November 2004, VU Wien, 62–63.

Holyoake, P.K.; Cutler, R.S.; Caple, I.W.; Monckton, R.P. (1994):
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring ileal symbiont intracellularis-specific immunoglobulin G response in sera of pigs.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32 (8), 1980–1985.

Holyoake, P.K.; Mullen, B.P. and Cutler, R.S. (1996):
Simulation of the economic impact of proliferative enteritis on pig production in Australia.
Australian Veterinary Journal, 73t 89–92.

Huerta, B.; Arenas, A.; Carrasco, L.; Maldonado, A.; Tarradas, C.; Carbonero, A.; Perea, A. (2003):
Comparison of diagnostic techniques for porcine proliferative enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis infection).
J. of Comparative Pathology (J. Comp Path.) 129, 179–185.

Hutchings, D.A.; Rowland, A.C. (1978):
Necrotic enteritis and regional Ileitis in pigs at slaughter.
Veterinary Record (Vet Rec) 7, 338–339.

Hyland, K.; Foss, D. L.; Johnson, C. R.; Murtaugh, M. P. (2004):
Oral immunization induces local and distant mucosal immunity in swine.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 102, 329 – 338.

Iglesias, G.; Trujano, M.; Hoftijzer, J. (2000):
Evaluation of an in-feed medication for the control of porcine proliferative enteritis.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 73 (Alimentary).

Jacoby, R.O. (1978):
Transmissible ileal hyperplasia of hamsters. I. Histogenesis and immunocytochemistry.
Am J Pathol. 91(3), 433 – 50.

Jacobson, M. (2003):
Enteric diseases in pigs from weaning to slaughter.
Dissertation / Thesis 51 pages.

Jacobson, M.; Aspan, A.; Heldtander Koenigsson, M.; Hard af Segerstad, C.; Wallgren, P.; Fellstroem, C.; Jensen-Waern, M.; Gunnarsson, A. (2004):
Routine diagnostics of Lawsonia intracellularis performed by PCR, serological and post mortem examination, with special emphasis on sample preparation methods for PCR.
Veterinary Microbiology 102, 189–201.

Jacobson, M.; Fellstroem, C.; Heldtander, M.; Gunnarsson, A. (2000):
The prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in Swedish pigs submitted for autopsy.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 74.

Jacobson, M.; Hard af Segerstad, C.; Gunnarsson, A.; Fellstroem, C.; de Verdier Klingenberg, K.; Wallgren, P.;
Jensen-Waern, M. (2003):
Diarhoea in the growing pig – a comparison of clinical, morphological and microbial findings between animals from good and poor performance herds.
Research in Veterinary Science 74, 163–169.

Jensen, T.K. (2000):
Lawsonia intracellularis as a common cause of colitis in swine.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 47.

Jensen, T. K.; Lindecrona, R.; Pedersen, A. R.; Moeller, K. (2000):
Observations on intestinal epithelial cell kinetics in pigs infected by Lawsonia intracelularis, brachyspira pilosicoli and brachyspira hyodysenteriae.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 65 (Alimentary).

Jensen, T. K.; Moeller, K.; Lindecrona, R.; Jorsal, S.E. (2000):
Detection of Lawsonia intracellularis in the tonsils of pigs with proliferative enteropathy.
Research in Veterinary Science (Res Vet Sci) 68, 23–26.

Jensen, T. K.; Svensmark, B. (2000):
Unusual detection sites of Lawsonia intracellularis: in cases of peritonitis and in the liver of a pig.
IPVS, 16 th , Melbourne (Proceedings of the 16 th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, Melbourne, September 2000), 64 (Alimentary).

Jensen, T. K.; Vigre, H.; Sorensen, V. and Moller, K. (2005):
Naturally acquired Lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs studied from weaning to slaughter by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and polymerase chain reaction on faeces.
Res. Vet. Sci., vol. 79, no. 2, 93 – 98.

Jeong-Yong, Y. (2004):
In vitro cultivation and identification of Lawsonia intracellularis isolated in Korea.
Dissertation / Thesis 66 pages.

]oens, L.A.; Nibbelink, S. and Glock, R.D. (1997):
Induction of gross and microscopic lesions of porcine proliferative enteritis by Lawsonia intracellularis.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 58, 1125–1131.

Johansen, M.; Baekbo, P.; Jensen, T. K.; Moeller, K.; Nielsen, V. R. (2002):
Attempt to eradicate Lawsonia intracellularis by medication in
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