Soybeans, crushed to make protein-rich animal feed ingredients and vegetable oils, have been at the heart of the tit-for-tat trade dispute between the world's top two economies.

China in July imposed a retaliatory 25-percent import duty on US soybeans as part of the conflict, a saga that has gathered steam since then with the introduction of fresh tariffs on other products.

Soybean imports by China, which buys 60 percent of the oilseed traded worldwide, will likely decline to around 18-20 million tonnes in the fourth quarter, compared with 24.1 million tonnes in the same period last year, traders said.

"Imports will average around 6 million tonnes per month in the fourth quarter," said a Singapore-based trader at an international company that owns oilseed processing plants in China.

"Purchases are going to be mainly from Brazil and some from Argentina and Canada. Buyers are not willing to take chances by bringing in US beans," the trader added, declining to be identified as he was not authorised to speak with media.

The benchmark Chicago soybean contract dropped to a 10-year low of $8.12-1/4 last month, although prices have since recovered on fears of crop-damage following rains ahead of the harvest in parts of the US Midwest. It was trading down 0.8 percent at $8.78-1/2 on Thursday.

The landed cost of US beans in China is currently similar to Brazilian soybeans even with the 25-percent tariff, but Chinese crushers are reluctant to take US supply as they fear authorities may not approve cargoes and that tariffs could climb further.

"Right now China's import duty on US wheat is 25 percent, who knows, the duty might go up to 50 percent by the time your boat arrives," said Ole Houe, director of advisory services at brokerage IKON Commodities in Sydney.

China's soybean purchases of around 24 million tonnes in the fourth quarter of last year were more than triple 2006 levels, climbing for 10 out of 12 years, according to the country's customs data.

The estimated decline of 4 to 6 million tonnes in October-December this year would be the biggest fall since at least 2006.

Land of plenty?

China, which largely uses soy in feed for the world's biggest pig herd, is unlikely to face a shortfall in supplies despite the drop in imports as it has abundant domestic reserves after a strong pace of imports.

"We will be fine until the end of February. For March, April, it's a bit tight, but if demand is not so good, then we can probably even survive until then," said a Beijing-based soybean trader who forecast imports in the fourth quarter at 20 million tonnes.

Soybean stocks at China's ports <CFD-SBSTK-NATN> stood at 8.57 million tonnes this week, down marginally from a record of around 9 million tonnes at the end of last week.

Crush margins in Shandong, the hub of China's soybean processing industry, have been in positive territory since early August, reaping strong profits for companies making feed ingredients such as soymeal.

Processors are making 305 yuan ($44.04) a tonne <JCI-SBMG-SHDNI>, not far from last month's two-year high of 315 yuan.

"Soymeal demand from the feed millers has been pretty strong as they build stocks," said the first Singapore-based source. ($1 = 6.9263 Chinese yuan renminbi).

As reported by Naveen Thukral and Dominique Patton, Reuters