This has resulted in the geographical expansion of European compound feed players and the ongoing consolidation of the animal protein industry in the EU, according to the new Rabobank report "Where Is the Upside in the European Grains-to-Pork Value Chains? Leveraging Country Strengths".

These factors will not weaken in the coming decades, forcing the industry to re-evaluate its position.

“Based on the structure and characteristics of the various value chain models, lessons can be learned for the companies that are active in it,” said Vito Martielli, Rabobank analyst for Grains & Oilseeds.

“Over the past 30 years, the European value chain - spanning from grains & oilseeds (G&O) via feed to pork - has developed into three main business models: specialisation, semi-integration and full integration. Each model has positive aspects and aspects it could improve on.”

The specialised model - as seen in the Netherlands - is driven by high efficiency and competitive raw materials at all levels in the value chain.

This value chain should work on further integration and cooperation - not only at each individual level, but also upstream and downstream in the chain. This will likely limit additional costs.

The semi-integrated model keeps the links in the value chain close together through strong competitiveness, but leaves them independent, with sufficient added value at each level.

This model is seen in Germany, where G&O and feed are often strongly integrated, followed by a specialised, but independent farming-slaughtering-processing sector.

This model should further leverage its competitive advantage at all stages of the value chain in the international markets. The downstream part of the chain could further integrate and optimise economies of scale.

The integrated model was developed in countries where structural disadvantages need to be offset by the available margins downstream.

The model is seen in Spain, for example, where high feed costs upstream are compensated by the added value of the ham production downstream. The integrated model could increase the efficiency in the upstream market to lower the costs of raw material supplies.

The German grains-to-pork chain is best positioned to capture long-term growth. But in order to ensure long-term profitability each of the business models should leverage the country’s strength and focus on improving key success factors in the G&O-feed-pork chain.

Looking at the countries analysed, it can be concluded that each should include some parts of the other models in order to strengthen its position without losing current strengths.