The dominant force in the corn (and thus all grain and soybean) markets the past few weeks has been growing weather challenges in Argentina.

Hot, dry conditions in the primary corn growing country in the southern hemisphere have driven corn futures anywhere from 60 to 80 cents per bushel higher, depending on which contract you look at, since 15 December.

News reports and forecasts this week indicate that conditions may be improving but the rally has moved corn futures prices well away for that December trough — at least for the time being.

Mr Durchholz contends, though, that there are significant factors that will pressure corn prices as we go into the spring and summer and offers the ratios of corn price to wheat and soybean prices as prime evidence. The charts of those two ratios, using weekly data in order to include a longer historical period, appear at right and the sources of Dale’s argument are clear: Both ratios are very near alltime highs.

We find the situation worthy of attention because these two ratios measure corn relative to two major competitive situations.

The first is value-in-use as livestock feed. Expensive corn will encourage wheat feeding, pushing wheat prices higher and lowering this ratio. It will also ration corn supplies and push corn prices lower in the future.

The second competitive situation is the Corn:Soybean ratio’s implications for the value-in-use of land. It is clear that corn is going to compete VERY well on a price basis with soybeans and every estimate we have seen of projected returns above cash costs for US farmers suggest that this price ratio strength will translate into a peracre profitability advantage. The result will be more corn acres, more corn (assuming weather is good) and lower corn prices re. soybeans.

But we also read Dale’s column and said “Yes, but what about OIL?“ The advent of corn-based ethanol has added a new value-in-use proposition to the corn market in recent years and has tied corn prices to the prices of oil and gasoline. The bottom chart shows that this measure of relative corn value is not quite as negative for corn prices as are the others.

The 12/31 price ratio of .065 is very close to the middle of the Corn:Crude Oil ratios observed since mid- 2006. It does not suggest price pressure in any direction for corn at this time and would, in our mind, be more supportive to corn prices than would either of the other two ratios. The ration does, though, allow plenty of room for corn prices to fall without creating an unusual relationship with crude oil. Not supportive of corn but not definitive.

We think two issues are vitally important. First, are there any compelling reasons to think that the relative values of the crops in question have changed more-or-less permanently? Second, which price in each ratio is more likely to move and thus change the relationship? It certainly may be, as Durchholz states, corn but the U.S. accounts for a smaller world share of both wheat and soybean output than it does corn. Growers in other countries will hold much more influence on those prices.